A hammer-tone finish paint generally uses a combination of metallic flake and color pigments with a silicone additive to lend a hammered metal appearance to the dry film. There is a slight surface texture in the dried coating which in most cases enhances the hammered effect.
High build paints generally containing 50% or greater of volume
solids, and can be applied in a thicker film without sagging
or running, Many different polymers can be made into high build
formulations including acrylics, epoxies and polyurethanes.
HiPAC paints are generally industrial paints that are also
suitable for architectural applications, and include various
types of epoxies, polyurethanes, polyesters, and high performance
architectural latex .
High solids paints have a greater solids level than a conventional
version of that type of coating. Generally speaking, high solids
paints contain a level of 70% non-volatile (solids), but some
types are impractical due to the viscosity of the binder (e.g.
high solids lacquers are produced at 30% solids). The development
of many high solids paints was influenced by the demand for
reduced VOC emissions.
Lacquers are generally fast drying pigmented or clear paints
that dry by the evaporation of solvent. In many cases any clear
or pigmented thermoplastic coating (with the exception of emulsions)
can or has been referred to as a ‘lacquer.’ Binders such as
acrylic esters, vinyl co-polymers and the cellulose derivatives
are the most common. The lacquers referred to here are the nitrocellulose-based
types.
The main cellulose-type polymers used in lacquers are: inorganic esters of cellulose (nitrocellulose) and organic esters of cellulose (cellulose acetate). Nitrocellulose has been used for years as the base polymer in conventional lacquers. Cellulose acetate is a component of high end, factory-applied furniture lacquers. Lacquers dry by solvent evaporation and are classified as thermoplastic products with the exception of acid catalyzed and heat cured types that are usually restricted to shop application.
Lacquer sanding sealers are generally applied after the wood has been stained to the desired color. The sealer dries quickly to a sandable surface that reduces the penetration of the subsequent topcoats, allowing a smooth, uniform finish.
Nitrocellulose lacquer topcoats are generally fast drying,
hard finishes available in clear and pigmented types. The lacquers
are generally only recommended for interior use due to a tendency
to yellow, and they lack the flexibility required for floor
or exterior use. In general, their resistance to marking and
staining is quite good, and these finishes are used extensively
as interior paints for new wood surfaces such as trim, frames,
cabinets, and doors. These paints show good hardness and resistance
to cleaners and chemicals, and to marring.
Field application of lacquers is generally by spray as the dry time for most types is from 10 to 30 minutes. Lacquers contain strong solvents that are extremely flammable so applicators must take precautions when applying them. Nitrocellulose lacquers are prone to showing whitening or blushing if applied at lower temperatures or high humidity.
Most lacquer systems are available in a range of finish types from matte to gloss. Lacquers should never be used over previously varnished surfaces as the strong solvents in the lacquer could lift or wrinkle the previous coats of varnish. |
